WebSocket

There is almost nothing needed to proxy WebSocket connections, other than to set timeouts and enable connection closing. The load balancer knows how to upgrade an HTTP connection to a WebSocket connection and once that happens, messages will travel back and forth through a WebSocket tunnel.

However, you must design your system for scale if you plan to load balance multiple WebSocket servers. Each client connects to one of your servers, where it then opens a persistent WebSocket connection. Because each server has only its own list of connected clients, messages passed to one server must be shared with the other servers somehow. Similarly, when you want to broadcast a message to all clients, all servers must receive and relay it. A typical way to solve this is to store messages in a shared database like Redis or pass messages between servers using a Publish/Subscribe framework like Kafka or RabbitMQ.

Configure WebSockets Jump to heading

List your WebSocket servers in a backend section and add a frontend that receives HTTP traffic and relays it to the backend:

haproxy
frontend fe_main
  bind :80
  default_backend websocket_servers
backend websocket_servers
  option http-server-close
  timeout tunnel 1h
  server s1 192.168.0.10:3000 check
  server s2 192.168.0.11:3000 check

haproxy
frontend fe_main
  bind :80
  default_backend websocket_servers
backend websocket_servers
  option http-server-close
  timeout tunnel 1h
  server s1 192.168.0.10:3000 check
  server s2 192.168.0.11:3000 check

In this example:

option http-server-close closes connections to the server immediately after the client finishes their session rather than using Keep-Alive. This promotes faster reuse of connection slots.
timeout tunnel sets how long to keep an idle WebSocket connection open.

Optional: Route WebSocket clients to the backend by using a use_backend directive with a conditional statement. In the following example, the frontend section sends requests that have a URL beginning with /ws to the websocket_servers backend:
```
haproxy
frontend fe_main
  bind :80
  use_backend websocket_servers if { path_beg /ws }
  default_backend http_servers
```
```
haproxy
frontend fe_main
  bind :80
  use_backend websocket_servers if { path_beg /ws }
  default_backend http_servers
```
You may also want to add option logasap to the frontend so that connections are logged immediately, rather than logging them only after they close.

Example WebSocket client and server Jump to heading

This example uses Node.js to run a simple WebSocket application, which you can then load balance.

Download and install Node.js and npm.

On a server separate from your load balancer, use the WebSocket Javascript API to create a client application. Below is an example web page named index.html. Change the WebSocket URL ws://[LOAD BALANCER IP]/ws/echo to use your load balancer’s IP address:

index.html
html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
    <head>
        <title>WebSocket Example</title>
    </head>
    <body>
        <h1>WebSocket Example</h1>
         
        <form>
            <label for="message">Message:</label><br />
            <input type="text" id="message" name="message" /><br />
            <input type="button" id="sendBtn" value="Send" />
        </form>
        
        <div id="output"></div>
        
        <script type="text/javascript">
            window.onload = function() {
                // connect to the server
                let socket = new WebSocket("ws://[LOAD BALANCER IP]/ws/echo");
                socket.onopen = () => socket.send("Client connected!");
                
                // send a message to the server
                var sendButton = document.getElementById("sendBtn");
                var message = document.getElementById("message");
                // user clicks 'send'
                sendButton.onclick = () => {
                    socket.send(message.value);
                }
                // user presses enter
                message.onkeypress = (evt) => {
                   if (evt.keyCode === 13) {
                       evt.preventDefault();
                       socket.send(message.value);
                   }
                }
                
                // print a message from the server
                socket.onmessage = (evt) => {
                    var output = document.getElementById("output");
                    output.innerHTML += `<div>${evt.data}</div>`;
                }
            }
        </script>
    </body>
</html>

index.html
html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
    <head>
        <title>WebSocket Example</title>
    </head>
    <body>
        <h1>WebSocket Example</h1>
         
        <form>
            <label for="message">Message:</label><br />
            <input type="text" id="message" name="message" /><br />
            <input type="button" id="sendBtn" value="Send" />
        </form>
        
        <div id="output"></div>
        
        <script type="text/javascript">
            window.onload = function() {
                // connect to the server
                let socket = new WebSocket("ws://[LOAD BALANCER IP]/ws/echo");
                socket.onopen = () => socket.send("Client connected!");
                
                // send a message to the server
                var sendButton = document.getElementById("sendBtn");
                var message = document.getElementById("message");
                // user clicks 'send'
                sendButton.onclick = () => {
                    socket.send(message.value);
                }
                // user presses enter
                message.onkeypress = (evt) => {
                   if (evt.keyCode === 13) {
                       evt.preventDefault();
                       socket.send(message.value);
                   }
                }
                
                // print a message from the server
                socket.onmessage = (evt) => {
                    var output = document.getElementById("output");
                    output.innerHTML += `<div>${evt.data}</div>`;
                }
            }
        </script>
    </body>
</html>

Create the WebSocket server. The following node.js application file is named index.js. It serves the web page from the previous step and hosts the /ws/echo WebSocket function:

index.js
javascript
const express = require('express');
const app = express();
const path = require('path');
const expressWs = require('express-ws')(app);
// Serve web page HTML
app.get('/ws', (req, res) => {
    res.sendFile(path.join(__dirname + '/index.html'));
});
 
// WebSocket function
app.ws('/ws/echo', (ws, req) => {
    // receive a message from a client
    ws.on('message', msg => {
        console.log(msg);
        
        // broadcast message to all clients
        var wss = expressWs.getWss();
        wss.clients.forEach(client => client.send("Received: " + msg));
    })
});
app.listen(3000);

index.js
javascript
const express = require('express');
const app = express();
const path = require('path');
const expressWs = require('express-ws')(app);
// Serve web page HTML
app.get('/ws', (req, res) => {
    res.sendFile(path.join(__dirname + '/index.html'));
});
 
// WebSocket function
app.ws('/ws/echo', (ws, req) => {
    // receive a message from a client
    ws.on('message', msg => {
        console.log(msg);
        
        // broadcast message to all clients
        var wss = expressWs.getWss();
        wss.clients.forEach(client => client.send("Received: " + msg));
    })
});
app.listen(3000);

Add the following node.js package.json file to your project:

package.json
javascript
{
  "name": "websocket-server",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "description": "Example WebSockets application",
  "main": "index.js",
  "scripts": {
     "start": "node index.js"
  },
  "author": "Your Name",
  "license": "ISC",
  "dependencies": {
     "express": "^4.17.1",
     "express-ws": "4.0.0"
  }
}

package.json
javascript
{
  "name": "websocket-server",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "description": "Example WebSockets application",
  "main": "index.js",
  "scripts": {
     "start": "node index.js"
  },
  "author": "Your Name",
  "license": "ISC",
  "dependencies": {
     "express": "^4.17.1",
     "express-ws": "4.0.0"
  }
}

Start the application with the npm install and npm start commands:
```
nix
npm install && npm start
```
```
nix
npm install && npm start
```

Configure your load balancer with this configuration, replacing [SERVER IP] with the IP address of your node.js application server:

haproxy
frontend fe_main
  bind :80
  use_backend websocket_servers if { path_beg /ws }
backend websocket_servers
  option http-server-close
  timeout tunnel 1h
  server s1 [SERVER IP]:3000 check

haproxy
frontend fe_main
  bind :80
  use_backend websocket_servers if { path_beg /ws }
backend websocket_servers
  option http-server-close
  timeout tunnel 1h
  server s1 [SERVER IP]:3000 check

Go to http://[LOAD BALANCER IP]/ws. A web page displays a text box that the user types a message into to send to the WebSocket server. The server then echoes that message back to all connected clients.

Product Documentation

API Documentation

Configuration Documentation

WebSocket

Configure WebSockets Jump to heading

Example WebSocket client and server Jump to heading

See also Jump to heading

Product Documentation

API Documentation

Configuration Documentation

Configure WebSockets Jump to heading #

Example WebSocket client and server Jump to heading #

See also Jump to heading #

Privacy Settings

Configure WebSockets Jump to heading

Example WebSocket client and server Jump to heading

See also Jump to heading