Enable core dumps

In the rare event that an HAProxy Enterprise process crashes or behaves abnormally, you can capture a core dump (also known as a crash dump) that you can send to the Support team. A core dump is a file that encapsulates the state of an application when it crashes and is useful in diagnosing and fixing potential issues. Core dumps are not enabled by default, so you must configure your OS settings to allow the collection of these files.

Enable core dumps Jump to heading

Enable the core dump handler. This sets the core dump handler inside the default HAProxy Enterprise change root environment.

Find the chroot directory

The default chroot environment for HAProxy Enterprise is /var/empty. You can find this value in the configuration file /etc/hapee-2.9/hapee-lb.cfg in the global section.

The default chroot environment is /var/empty. We want core dumps to be saved in /var/empty/tmp. The kernel setting kernel.core_pattern sets this value.
```
nix
sudo sysctl -w fs.suid_dumpable=1
sudo sysctl -w kernel.core_pattern=/tmp/core.%P.%u.%g.%s.%t
```
```
nix
sudo sysctl -w fs.suid_dumpable=1
sudo sysctl -w kernel.core_pattern=/tmp/core.%P.%u.%g.%s.%t
```
Optional: Persist the configuration so that core dumps are still enabled after reboot. Add the following lines to /etc/sysctl.d/99-sysctl.conf. This again sets the directory for saving core dumps to /tmp inside of the chroot environment, /var/empty.
```
99-sysctl.conf
text
# add these lines to the end of the file
fs.suid_dumpable=1
kernel.core_pattern=/tmp/core.%P.%u.%g.%s.%t
```
```
99-sysctl.conf
text
# add these lines to the end of the file
fs.suid_dumpable=1
kernel.core_pattern=/tmp/core.%P.%u.%g.%s.%t
```
Create a subdirectory inside of the chroot environment with permissions that allow the hapee-lb user to write to it. This subdirectory should be the same as the directory you specified for kernel.core_pattern in the previous step. We will create a /tmp directory inside of /var/empty and set its permissions:
```
nix
sudo mkdir /var/empty/tmp
sudo chmod 0777 /var/empty/tmp
```
```
nix
sudo mkdir /var/empty/tmp
sudo chmod 0777 /var/empty/tmp
```

To set the maximum size of a core dump file, add the DefaultLimitCORE setting to the file /etc/systemd/system.conf. Below, we set the value to infinity.

system.conf
text
# add this line to the end of the file
DefaultLimitCORE=infinity

system.conf
text
# add this line to the end of the file
DefaultLimitCORE=infinity

Restart the Systemd daemon. Processes running under Systemd will not be affected by this restart.
```
nix
sudo systemctl daemon-reexec
```
```
nix
sudo systemctl daemon-reexec
```
Edit the HAProxy Enterprise configuration so that it includes set-dumpable in the global section:
```
haproxy
global
  set-dumpable
```
```
haproxy
global
  set-dumpable
```

Restart HAProxy Enterprise.

nix
sudo systemctl restart hapee-2.9-lb

nix
sudo systemctl restart hapee-2.9-lb

Retrieve core dumps Jump to heading

After a crash in HAProxy Enterprise, the system will generate a core dump file and place it in one of two locations:

If the fault occurred in HAProxy Enterprise’s master process, the core dump file will be in /tmp.
If it occurred in a worker process, it will be in the location you configured as your kernel.core_pattern (probably /var/empty/tmp).

In one of those locations will be a file that starts with core. This file is the core dump. The core file will look like core.17442.997.994.6.1689180587.17442.

The core dump file name has significance. If you configure your kernel.core_pattern to name files with the pattern core.%P.%u.%g.%s.%t, the resulting file name will include:

Variable	Description
`%P`	Process ID of the dumped process (as it appears in the inital PID namespace).
`%u`	UID of the dumped process.
`%g`	GID of the dumped process.
`%s`	Number of the signal that caused the dump.
`%t`	Unix time of the dump.

The last part of the filename is also the process ID.

Produce a core dump for a running process Jump to heading

It is possible to retrieve a core dump from HAProxy Enterprise without adjusting resource limits, changing kernel settings, or restarting HAProxy Enterprise. This is possible with a utility named gcore. Retrieving the core dump in this way may be useful when it is not possible to complete those steps, or in the case for retrieving process state information when a process may be stuck but has not crashed. The downside to this approach is that unlike the previous procedures which enable core dumps for any future crashes, using gcore is a manual procedure.

To produce a core dump for a running HAProxy Enterprise process, first find the process ID, or PID, using ps. The ps command will produce two process IDs. The first column of the output shows the user. The second column is the PID.

In this output, the master process, the process run under root, has a process ID of 19973. The worker process, the process run under user hapee-lb, has a process ID of 19975.

nix
ps -ef | grep hapee

nix
ps -ef | grep hapee

output
text
root     19973     1  0 17:39 ? 00:00:00 /opt/hapee-2.9/sbin/hapee-lb 
  -Ws -f /etc/hapee-2.9/hapee-lb.cfg -p /run/hapee-2.9-lb.pid
         
hapee-lb 19975 19973  0 17:39 ? 00:00:00 /opt/hapee-2.9/sbin/hapee-lb 
  -Ws -f /etc/hapee-2.9/hapee-lb.cfg -p /run/hapee-2.9-lb.pid

output
text
root     19973     1  0 17:39 ? 00:00:00 /opt/hapee-2.9/sbin/hapee-lb 
  -Ws -f /etc/hapee-2.9/hapee-lb.cfg -p /run/hapee-2.9-lb.pid
         
hapee-lb 19975 19973  0 17:39 ? 00:00:00 /opt/hapee-2.9/sbin/hapee-lb 
  -Ws -f /etc/hapee-2.9/hapee-lb.cfg -p /run/hapee-2.9-lb.pid

If the gcore utiltiy is not installed, you can install it using your package manager. It is packaged with gdb.
```
nix
sudo apt-get install gdb
```
```
nix
sudo apt-get install gdb
```
```
nix
sudo yum gdb
```
```
nix
sudo yum gdb
```

Use the gcore command with a process ID to produce a core dump file in your current working directory.

nix
sudo gcore 19973

nix
sudo gcore 19973

output
text
Using host libthread_db library "/lib64/libthread_db.so.1".
0x00007ffb49cfdea3 in epoll_wait () from /lib64/libc.so.6
Saved corefile core.19973
[Inferior 1 (process 19973) detached]

output
text
Using host libthread_db library "/lib64/libthread_db.so.1".
0x00007ffb49cfdea3 in epoll_wait () from /lib64/libc.so.6
Saved corefile core.19973
[Inferior 1 (process 19973) detached]

Produce a core dump for a stuck process Jump to heading

If the gcore utility is not available, prlimit can be used to produce a core dump for a running process that is stuck. prlimit is used to set resource limits dynamically in the current session for running processes.

Warning

Proceed with this method only as a last resort, and only if the application is totally nonresponsive. The process will be stopped abruptly, and this may result in unexpected behavior (such as unsaved changes).

To produce a core file, find the process ID, or PID, using ps. The ps command will produce two process IDs. The first column of the output shows the user. The second column is the PID.

In this output, the master process, the process run under root, has a process ID of 19973. The worker process, the process run under user hapee-lb, has a process ID of 19975.

nix
ps -ef | grep hapee

nix
ps -ef | grep hapee

output
text
root     19973     1  0 17:39 ? 00:00:00 /opt/hapee-2.9/sbin/hapee-lb 
  -Ws -f /etc/hapee-2.9/hapee-lb.cfg -p /run/hapee-2.9-lb.pid
         
hapee-lb 19975 19973  0 17:39 ? 00:00:00 /opt/hapee-2.9/sbin/hapee-lb 
  -Ws -f /etc/hapee-2.9/hapee-lb.cfg -p /run/hapee-2.9-lb.pid

output
text
root     19973     1  0 17:39 ? 00:00:00 /opt/hapee-2.9/sbin/hapee-lb 
  -Ws -f /etc/hapee-2.9/hapee-lb.cfg -p /run/hapee-2.9-lb.pid
         
hapee-lb 19975 19973  0 17:39 ? 00:00:00 /opt/hapee-2.9/sbin/hapee-lb 
  -Ws -f /etc/hapee-2.9/hapee-lb.cfg -p /run/hapee-2.9-lb.pid

Set the core file size limit to unlimited for the process. This example sets the core file size limit for the process with ID 19973 to unlimited:

nix
sudo prlimit --core=unlimited:unlimited --pid=19973

nix
sudo prlimit --core=unlimited:unlimited --pid=19973

You can check the limits for a process using the prlimit command:

nix
sudo prlimit --pid=19973

nix
sudo prlimit --pid=19973

output
text
RESOURCE   DESCRIPTION                             SOFT      HARD UNITS
AS         address space limit                unlimited unlimited bytes
CORE       max core file size                 unlimited unlimited blocks
CPU        CPU time                           unlimited unlimited seconds
DATA       max data size                      unlimited unlimited bytes
FSIZE      max file size                      unlimited unlimited blocks
LOCKS      max number of file locks held      unlimited unlimited 
MEMLOCK    max locked-in-memory address space     65536     65536 bytes
MSGQUEUE   max bytes in POSIX mqueues            819200    819200 bytes
NICE       max nice prio allowed to raise             0         0 
NOFILE     max number of open files               20027     20027 
NPROC      max number of processes                 7163      7163 
RSS        max resident set size              unlimited unlimited pages
RTPRIO     max real-time priority                     0         0 
RTTIME     timeout for real-time tasks        unlimited unlimited microsecs
SIGPENDING max number of pending signals           7163      7163 
STACK      max stack size                       8388608 unlimited bytes

output
text
RESOURCE   DESCRIPTION                             SOFT      HARD UNITS
AS         address space limit                unlimited unlimited bytes
CORE       max core file size                 unlimited unlimited blocks
CPU        CPU time                           unlimited unlimited seconds
DATA       max data size                      unlimited unlimited bytes
FSIZE      max file size                      unlimited unlimited blocks
LOCKS      max number of file locks held      unlimited unlimited 
MEMLOCK    max locked-in-memory address space     65536     65536 bytes
MSGQUEUE   max bytes in POSIX mqueues            819200    819200 bytes
NICE       max nice prio allowed to raise             0         0 
NOFILE     max number of open files               20027     20027 
NPROC      max number of processes                 7163      7163 
RSS        max resident set size              unlimited unlimited pages
RTPRIO     max real-time priority                     0         0 
RTTIME     timeout for real-time tasks        unlimited unlimited microsecs
SIGPENDING max number of pending signals           7163      7163 
STACK      max stack size                       8388608 unlimited bytes

Enable the core dump handler. This sets the core dump handler inside the default HAProxy Enterprise change root environment.

Tip

The default chroot environment for HAProxy Enterprise is /var/empty. You can find this value in the configuration file /etc/hapee-2.9/hapee-lb.cfg in the global section.

The default chroot environment is /var/empty. We want core dumps to be saved in /var/empty/tmp. The kernel setting kernel.core_pattern sets this value.
```
nix
sudo sysctl -w fs.suid_dumpable=1
sudo sysctl -w kernel.core_pattern=/tmp/core.%P.%u.%g.%s.%t
```
```
nix
sudo sysctl -w fs.suid_dumpable=1
sudo sysctl -w kernel.core_pattern=/tmp/core.%P.%u.%g.%s.%t
```
Create a subdirectory inside of the chroot environment with permissions that allow the hapee-lb user to write to it. This subdirectory should be the same as the directory you specified for kernel.core_pattern in the previous step. This is required to generate core dumps for HAProxy Enterprise’s worker processes.

We will create a /tmp directory inside of /var/empty and set its permissions:
```
nix
sudo mkdir /var/empty/tmp
sudo chmod o+w /var/empty/tmp
```
```
nix
sudo mkdir /var/empty/tmp
sudo chmod o+w /var/empty/tmp
```
For the process that is stuck, force a crash. This command will abruptly stop the process with PID 19973:
```
nix
sudo kill -SIGABRT 19973
```
```
nix
sudo kill -SIGABRT 19973
```
After forcing HAProxy Enterprise to stop abruptly, you may need to restart the service for it to resume processing.
```
nix
systemctl restart hapee-2.9-lb
```
```
nix
systemctl restart hapee-2.9-lb
```
After forcing the crash, the system will generate a core dump file and place it in one of two locations:
- If you issued the kill command on HAProxy Enterprise’s master process, the core dump file will be in /tmp.
- If you issued the kill command on one of HAProxy Enterprise’s worker processes, it will be in the location you configured as your kernel.core_pattern (probably /var/empty/tmp).